The 6 Types of Narcissistic Personality Disorder

What Are the Different Types of Narcissism?

There are 2 main types of narcissism: grandiose and vulnerable. Although both types share some traits, they also result in fairly distinct behaviors. In addition to these types of NPD, there are other subtypes of narcissism, like communal, antagonistic, malignant, and seductive narcissism. Each subtype has its unique characteristics and manifestations, adding to the complexity of understanding and treating narcissistic personality disorder. We’ll look more closely at each below.

1. Grandiose (agentic and overt narcissism)

Narcissism is often seen in a negative light, but grandiose narcissists, or overt narcissists, are typically charming and well-liked. Also known as “agentic or “overt narcissism,” people with grandiose narcissism tend to have a very high sense of self-esteem. This can cause an overt narcissist to overestimate their capabilities. Grandiose narcissism can make people spread flattering rumors about themselves while trying to shut down any information that contradicts an overt narcissist’s illusions of greatness.

Experts believe that there are two categories of grandiose narcissism: adaptive and maladaptive.

• Adaptive narcissism causes people to build up their self-confidence in order to protect themselves. People with adaptive narcissism are natural leaders and are often drawn to careers that offer positions in leadership. These types of overt narcissists crave authority and prestige.
• Maladaptive narcissism means someone will have a naturally high self-esteem and believe that they’re entitled to take advantage of other people. This causes them to try to control or manipulate those around them. This type of grandiose narcissist may become angry or aggressive when someone disagrees with them or tries to set boundaries.

2. Vulnerable (closet or covert narcissism)

It’s commonly assumed that narcissism causes people to want to be the center of attention, but vulnerable narcissism typically results in behaviors that are introverted and withdrawn.

Vulnerable narcissism is also referred to as “closet” or “covert narcissism,” and it would generally be seen in someone who has a low sense of self-worth and craves praise and admiration so they can feel better about themselves.

Vulnerable narcissistic personality disorder types often have elaborate fantasies of becoming successful. A covert narcissist believes that they deserve positive feedback from others, but usually won’t take steps to earn that praise. The lack of recognition can lead to emotional outbursts, which may cause a covert narcissist to feel intense levels of shame. A common personality trait of covert narcissists is playing the victim.

Research shows that vulnerable narcissism means someone is more likely to experience negative emotions, and they also may perceive compliments as insults. It’s also linked to high levels of neuroticism.

It’s common for people living with this type of narcissism to struggle with depression and paranoia. A vulnerable narcissist is often envious of the people around them and tend to blame others for their lack of success.

One important note is that studies show grandiose and vulnerable narcissism aren’t always mutually exclusive of one another. Personalities may fluctuate back and forth during various periods of time.

3. Communal

A common trait between many types of narcissistic personality disorders is a gap between the way one views themself and how one behaves. People with communal NPD perceive themselves as highly generous and altruistic, but behave in the opposite way. While they may become outraged when they witness injustice or see someone being mistreated, they don’t apply that same level of scrutiny to their own narcissistic behavior.

4. Antagonistic

Competitiveness is a personality trait that’s associated with many narcissistic personality disorder types, but it’s especially noticeable in those with antagonistic narcissism. A low level of trust in others creates a narcissistic tendency to see the people around them as rivals. It’s common for people with antagonistic NPD to argue with others and treat most social interactions as a competition.

5. Malignant

The narcissistic personality disorder symptoms of malignant narcissism are severe and can interfere with a person’s quality of life. They’re often paranoid and may obsess over perceived threats. It’s common for people with malignant narcissism to display vindictive or even sadistic behavior and show high levels of aggression when interacting with others.

6. Seductive

People with seductive NPD understand the power of flattery. Like some other types of NPD, this version makes someone crave positive attention. They’ll freely shower targets with compliments in order to get the admiration they desire. When they’re not getting enough praise from someone, they have no problem dropping that person and moving on to a new target.

How to Treat Different Types of Narcissism

When it comes to diagnosing narcissistic personality disorder, it can be difficult to persuade people with narcissistic personality disorder to get the help they need. People with NPD often harbor a belief that nothing’s wrong with them. They will likely see any encouragement to seek treatment as misguided or absurd.

If they can be convinced to start care, however, NPD treatment can have a very positive impact on someone with NPD’s life and relationships. One study found that 60% of people with narcissistic personality disorder had a significant reduction in symptoms 3 years after starting NPD treatment.

Individual therapy for narcissistic personality disorder

When it comes to treating narcissistic personality disorder, the primary form of treatment is psychotherapy. Working with a therapist can help people learn how to deal with narcissistic personality disorder and become more empathetic and improve their relationships with others. Different types of therapy for narcissistic personality disorder can also teach people ways to build self-worth without needing constant recognition from others.

Family or couples counseling

Because it can create significant conflicts in interpersonal relationships, family or couples counseling can focus on recognizing the harm NPD has caused, strengthening personal relationships, and changing the way someone’s been treating others.

Comprehensive treatment with medication

Although there is no true narcissistic personality disorder medication, some people with NPD benefit from both therapy and medication like antidepressants and mood stabilizers.

All different types of narcissists can benefit greatly from professional treatment. Many people with NPD aren’t aware of their harmful behaviors, and psychotherapy can offer awareness and coping skills. If you or someone you care about has symptoms of NPD, reach out for help today. You don’t have to live like this.

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