Existential OCD: Obsessing Over Life & Purpose

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Written by:Meaghan Rice, PsyD., LPC

Published On: February 3, 2023

Medically reviewed by: Bisma Anwar, MA, MSc, LMHC

Reviewed On: February 3, 2023

Updated On: July 17, 2023

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Overview

While obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) causes obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors, the nature of symptoms can vary. Experts agree various types of OCD can be divided into subcategories, or subtypes, based on the OCD symptom and that experiences can be individual.

Existential OCD is an unofficial OCD subtype that involves thoughts about human existence and the meaning of life. These uncontrollable thoughts can cause one to question the meaning of life and fear death. It can also cause a fear of impending doom and wondering about what’s “real vs. unreal.”

Symptoms of existential OCD can cause depression, anxiety, and compulsive behaviors in an attempt to stop the intrusive thought cycles. Keep reading to learn more about existential OCD. We’re discussing what it is, how it differs from the more traditional form of OCD, what the symptoms and signs look like, and how you can cope if you or a loved one is affected.

What Is Existential OCD?

Existential OCD is a form of OCD that causes people to experience frequent and unwanted thoughts about the purpose of life and the reason for their existence. While it’s true that these are topics many people think about, the existential thoughts experienced with this mental health condition can become all-consuming.

A person with existential OCD may spend hours asking questions and pondering the meaning of life, even when their thoughts are upsetting. People with this condition generally believe there are right and wrong answers to questions about the nature of human existence. Not knowing the answers to these questions can be intense and deeply distressing.

In addition to obsessive thoughts, people with existential OCD engage in repetitive behaviors related to their doubts and fears. For example, their compulsions can involve research, reading books, searching the internet, and asking others questions.

“The repetitive, intrusive thoughts are centered around complicated, often philosophical questions that most people would have difficulty answering. For example, people with this disorder find themselves exploring why they are here, which can be both frightening and overwhelming.”

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD.), Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) Meaghan Rice

Existential OCD vs. typical OCD

OCD involves both repeated, unwanted thoughts, as well as urges to engage in compulsive behaviors. While obsessions and compulsions can vary, some common obsessions may include the fear of germs or harming others. Compulsions often involve counting, repetitive movements, or feeling the need to check things over and over.

The subtype known as existential OCD, which causes the philosophical obsessions and compulsions we’ve discussed, is less common. It can look very different from symptoms typically associated with more common forms of OCD.

People with existential OCD often fear uncertainty and may feel like they need to know life’s meaning to gain peace in their world. As a result, they can be driven to engage in compulsions designed to ease their fears. They might read philosophy books or attend religious services in search of answers.

Signs & Symptoms of Existential OCD

Existentialism is a topic that many people enjoy, but for someone with existential OCD, their intrusive thought patterns can cause significant distress. Questions like “Why do I exist?” or “What happens after death?” often plague people with existential OCD.

They genuinely believe there’s an answer to their questions and that they’ll find it if they keep searching. Unfortunately, their search for the truth involves both obsessions and compulsions that can dominate their life and relationships.

Obsessions

Existential obsessions revolve around thoughts and fears about philosophical questions related to our existence. Common obsessions might include:

The meaning and purpose of life
Fears about the afterlife
Thoughts about the reality and the nature of the universe
Worries about the difference between right and wrong
Wondering if someone is actually real
Beliefs that an outside force is controlling them
Concerns that life is pointless

Compulsions

Like with other types of OCD, the compulsions associated with existential OCD are intended to ease the anxiety caused by their fears.

“Compulsions are the behaviors which people with this type of OCD perform to create some alleviation from their thoughts. This type of OCD is rooted in control, so researching excessively, trying to find data points that prove their reality, and “religion hopping” are just some compulsions that provide relief.”

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD.), Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) Meaghan Rice

People with this type of OCD struggle to cope with their fears and doubts about life and believe they’ll feel better if they can find answers. Common compulsions include:

Constantly reading philosophy and science books to look for answers
Attending a variety of religious services to find something that can quell their fears
Looking for ways to confirm that their existence is real
Questioning others about their religious beliefs
Searching the internet for answers, even when it interferes with sleep or daily activities
Asking people to reassure them that their ideas or thoughts are “right”

Causes of Existential OCD

Experts aren’t sure what causes OCD, nor are they sure why some people develop OCD symptoms. While research suggests a genetic component to OCD, other factors likely also contribute to the condition.

It’s normal to have questions about life, death, and our place in the universe. Many people begin pondering these topics when they reach adolescence. Most, however, can move on from their thoughts or find answers that satisfy their curiosity. Someone with existential OCD, though, will fixate on their questions, which can lead to compulsive behaviors.

What can trigger existential OCD?

For people with uncontrollable existential thoughts, anything that makes them think about life, death, or reality can be a catalyst for symptoms. Movies and TV shows that involve philosophy or questions about reality are known OCD triggers for many.

It’s also common for people to be triggered by ordinary conversations on these topics. Unfortunately, once a conversation starts, it can be difficult for someone with existential OCD to let go of the issue.

In addition to these, stress and significant life changes can trigger or make symptoms more severe, as well. Traumatic experiences, like the death of a loved one, are additional common triggers.

Treatment for Existential OCD

So, how can people learn to manage their symptoms? It’s okay to ask questions about life and the universe, but if thoughts become all-consuming, it’s time to think about getting help. Treatment can teach you to ease your anxiety before you feel compelled to turn to compulsions.

Therapy for OCD is one of the most effective treatments. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of talk therapy that teaches people to identify and then challenge negative or upsetting thoughts. CBT is known for its efficacy and is frequently used in treating OCD. A treatment plan may also include OCD medications and calming techniques, such as mindfulness meditation, in addition to therapy.

Get Professional Help for Existential OCD with Talkspace

While there are many stereotypes surrounding OCD, people with existential OCD can experience a wide range of symptoms. Though it’s not unusual to have questions about life or existence, you may want to talk to a mental health professional if you notice your thoughts are all you can think about.

Talkspace makes it easy to connect with a licensed therapist who can offer experienced guidance and support when dealing with existential OCD. If your thoughts and fears about existence are taking over your life, Talkspace can help. Learn to regain control of your thoughts and your life — get started today and see how Talkspace is changing the approach to accessible, affordable online therapy.

See References

Symptom dimensions and subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A developmental perspective.
“What Is OCD?”. Leckman JF, Bloch MH, King RA. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 2009;11(1):21-33. doi:10.31887/dcns.2009.11.1/jfleckman. Accessed November 19, 2022.
EXISTENTIAL OBSESSIONS: A CASE REPORT OF A POSTPARTUM OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER.
Cordeiro-de-Medeiros AB, Fernandes-Dos-Santos CFS, Pimentel-Xavier SI. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2022;50(5):246-248. Accessed November 19, 2022.
Genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Nestadt G, Grados M, Samuels JF. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2010;33(1):141-158. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.11.001. Accessed November 19, 2022.

Meaghan Rice, PsyD., LPC

Meaghan Rice is a mental health consultant specializing in professionals who are looking to close the gap between where they are and where they envision themselves being. With a decade of experience in the mental health field, working in a variety of different capacities, Dr. Rice has found her niche amidst the therapist, consultant, and trainer roles.